FREEDOM, RHYTHM AND SOUND: Jazz with a raised fist and a copy of Malcolm X speeches in the other hand

Few people today -- musicians included -- consider rock or jazz as “political”, even in the broadest sense of the word.

Yet back in the late 60s and through the 70s large areas of both certainly were. Less than a year after that remarkable year 1968 (student demonstrations, assassinations, political oppression and revolutionary activity) the dialogue changed.

Jefferson Airplane who urged you to “feed your head” now shouted “up against the wall, motherfucker”, and John Lennon was ambiguous/ambivalent about revolution: “Don’t you know you can count me out/in”.

Jimi Hendrix, whose exploratory music increasingly stood between improv.rock and free form jazz was being hauled into Black Panther debates because he was black but his audience was predominantly white.

By 1970 Miles Davis was increasingly looking to connect back with a black audience (the Jack Johnson album, then the street funk of On the Corner), and even further out were jazz groups like the Revolutionary Ensemble and the Art Ensemble of Chicago, saxophonist/writer Archie Shepp (“let my notes be bullets”) plus jazz-inspired performers like Amiri Baraka, The Last Poets and Gil Scott-Heron.

In much 70s black jazz, revolutionary political thinking was no subtext: it was in your face in music with titles such as The African Look, Attica Blues (after the prison massacre in California), Chicago (after the riots), The People’s Republic, For the People and so on.

Jazz was freedom music (of expression, if nothing else) and so musicians liberated themselves from the shackles of form and free jazz became a profound and prevalent mode of expression (although it had been around since Ornette Coleman’s Free Jazz album of ‘60). Many musicians also liberated themselves from the legacy of white America slavery and adopted African or Muslim names.

These were exciting, angry and conflicted times -- were the Weathermen and Panthers freedom fighters or terrorists? -- and the jazz reflected it.

In the absence of CD releases of many albums from that period -- most were on small labels out of New York or Europe -- a two CD set Freedom Rhythm and Sound (Soul Jazz) helps fill in this important, and often forgotten, period in jazz.

Subtitled “Revolutionary Jazz and the Civil Rights Movement 1963-82”, these discs cut a wide path through jazz and improvised music and include big names (Sun Ra with his seminal, seven minute Nuclear War, the Art Ensemble of Chicago, Oliver Lake, Archie Shepp with the raging Attica Blues, Horace Tapscott) alongside the likes of Errol Parker, pianist Amina Claudine Myers (too often relegated to a footnote despite being a member of the AACM and work with Shepp and others) and many more.

Just as Gil Scott-Heron would warn the complacent black middle class that “the revolution will not be televised”, so here Gary Bartz NTU Troop says “never will be a revolution while you’re drinkin’ wine” in the woozy, Afrojazz-framed Drinking Song. It was time to get straight and “say it loud, I’m black and I’m proud”.

Eyes and ears here are on Africa (Oliver Lake with NTU on Africa, Arkestra trumpeter Philip Cohran and the Artistic Heritage Ensemble on The African Look) and to more recent music out of New Orleans and slavery days. Black music from the past to the future.

Coinciding with a Gilles Peterson and Stuart Baker book of album cover art of the same name (equally DIY and fiercely independent) -- and including a booklet of period photos -- Freedom Rhythm and Sound collects consciousness raising and politicised jazz which is thrilling and courageous in its anger, soul-funk, assertion and exploratory nature.